I know these sound like big numbers to you, but they have to be looked at in the context of the investment that has to be made to capture them. RONA for these companies is typically in the 8 to 10 percent range. For every good year there are one or two marginal years.
Years ago I was responsible for an asset that made $120 MM EBITDA. Sounds good right? Replacement cost for that asset was $3.5 B. It would take $350 mm EBITDA for 20+ years to justify building that asset. Context is everything. Quoting profit without providing the context just proves that AI can’t make you an expert.
Exactly right.
I have a bit of experience in this field of excess profits during times of increased market volatility.
The name of the game is Risk Management. For the most part, energy companies are not taking massive risks with their energy portfolio. As @WAB pointed out, assets must be financed, you cannot do this by just hoping for a crisis to make a profit. Vice versa, you don’t want to shut down the asset as soon as energy prices dip below your cost to run the installation. So what you do is you will layer in a multitude of hedges over the liquid horizon of the forward market. In effect “selling” your asset in the future. You do this according to strict rules and many years in advance, so you will always be assured that your asset is at least break even. But that also means when a crisis does erupt, you generally cannot really profit from this too much because you’ve already sold your production in the past.
So how do you get extra money then, when volatility spikes? There are a few effects like increased bid-ask, reduced number of counterparties due to insufficient credit lines, but then there are especially the financial instruments that you used throughout your hedging strategy. Mainly options:
Very simplistic: I have an asset that needs a price of 100 to not make any losses. I can buy an option for 10, that allows me to sell my production for 100, even if the market price is 70. That way I can insure selling at a price that will cover my cost, while keeping the opportunity open to profit from any moves upwards. In 6-8 years of a decade, I’ll just be paying the premium, the insurance, reducing my EBITDA, but in some years, I’ll make a killing.
Another technique: you have four assets producing electricity in the same zone. Normally you would hedge all of them well in advance of the storm hitting the markets, but since you were worried that these old assets might break down in already tight market conditions, which means you would need to buy the hedges back at the much higher spot prices, you decide not to hedge one of your assets. Leaving it open to spot market. Volatility and higher spot prices arrive and you make a killing.
All of these examples, I have lived through, advised on and profited from (or at least my company did) happened on a few occasions. None of them were “luck” , “inappropriate profits” or “profiteering from a difficult situation”. Only good risk management.
V.
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