Quick question- what do you think caused Russia's high armor? Is this a design flaw/ their modern tanks were poorly built or was it more due to poor tactics and training with how to use tanks ??
@Hunter4752001 beat me to it, but exactly that.
The flaw in the T72 design is the ammunition in an open carrousel in the fighting compartment of the turret. That design was necessitated by its auto-loader. As a result it is a bomb waiting to go off. Western tanks use a separate armored compartment to hold the ammunition bringing only one round into the fighting compartment at a time.
The Russian design created a smaller lighter tank and they could reduce the crew by one. It also shoots a little quicker due to the auto-loader. Back when it was designed, the frontal armor was believed sufficient to protect the crew and prevent ammunition detonation.
A lot has changed since with respect to anti-armor weapons. Modern anti-tank guided missiles like the Javelin and NLAWS primarily use top attack. The shaped charge strikes the top of the turret and sends a molten jet of metal spraying over all that exposed ammunition in the turret. The result is a catastrophic kill, either through intense fire or explosion, and no chance for the gunner or commander to survive.
The same result occurs when an Armor Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot tungsten or depleted uranium round from a NATO main battle tank hits a T72 at any angle.
Because the carousel is an inherent design component to the structure of the design, there is nothing the Russians can do about any of the T72 series.
This is what a Russian tank crew is sitting on top of.
In a western tank like the MIA2 Abrams, the ammunition is in the rear of the turret behind a blast door. Should there be a catastrophic explosion or burn, the fire and blast are directed outward.