If you notice that anything in this article needs to be updated or anything is incorrect or incomplete please help us keep it current by letting us know. BURKINA FASO Hunting Information Hunting Burkina Faso Burkina Faso, means "country of honest men", was formerly known as "Haute-Volta" under the French Colonial Empire. Like many of the former French colonies in Africa, Burkina Faso is one of the safest countries on the African continent where hunting and tourism thrive thanks to continued peace and a secure economy. Burkina Faso has become one of the principal destinations for small and big game hunting in West Africa. Burkina Faso is home to a dense animal population including many rare and prestigious species such as the Western Roan Antelope (Hippotragus Equinus), one of the most beautiful and biggest antelope in West Africa. West African Savannah Buffalo, (Syncerus Caffer Aequinoctialis) one of the major hunting attractions in the country, are found in large numbers, and stalking these "Little Buffalo" is often very exciting. Lion hunting in Burkina Faso is also an exciting endeavor as Lion are hunted only by tracking, not with bait as in Eastern and Southern Africa. Burkina Faso is home to many species of antelope including Western Hartebeest (Alcelaphus Buselaphus), Defassa Waterbuck (Kobus Ellipsiprymnus Defassa), Buffon's or Western Kob (Kobus Kob), Bohor or Nagor Reedbuck (Redunca Redunca), Harnessed Busbuck (Tragelaphus Scriptus Knutsoni), Oribi (Ourebia Ourebi) and Common Duiker (Cephalophus Grimmia) and Warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus). Although there is a sizable population of Elephant in Burkina Faso, they are not legal to hunt, nor is the Leopard. All the aforementioned species are found in most of the recognized hunting areas. Hunting in Burkina Faso is done by tracking on foot, sometimes directly from the camp, but more often by driving 4x4 from the camps, then tracking on foot once in the bush. The terrain is quite flat therefore the hunting is not very physically demanding. The principal hunting areas for big game in Burkina Faso are found in the eastern part of the country close to the Benin border (another country in West Africa famous for its hunting) and in the south and southeast, close to the border with Togo. Hunting areas are accessible by road from the country's capital, Ougadougou (pronounced oo-ga-doo-goo). The roads are good and the drive most hunting areas is 2 to 3 hours from the capital. The primary hunting areas for small game share the same territories as the big game hunting areas and extend up to the northern borders with Mali and Niger. As in all of West and Central Africa, these sizable hunting areas in Burkina Faso are open territories, not fenced. The average area is approximately 200,000 acres. They are rented and managed by the outfitters who usually are French professional hunters and members of the A.C.P. (Association des Chasseurs Professionnels - Association of Professional Hunters). The actual terrain is mostly savannah with dry bush, broken up by smaller woodland areas that can be quite dense. Water is plentiful thanks to many different water points and rivers. The neighboring parks and wildlife preserves guarantee a dense animal population. The hunting season runs from mid-December through mid-April. In Burkina Faso the hunting camps are permanent. The bungalows are comfortable and have air conditioning, many of the camps even have swimming pools. The French style cuisine is excellent with plenty to eat. Finding a Hunting Outfitter in Burkina Faso The single most important thing you need to do to ensure that you are booking with a good hunting outfitter is check their references. The outfitter should provide you with more than a few references, especially clients who have hunted with them within the last year and you should call many of them. Click here to check out our Burkina Faso Hunting Reports, a section where you can find or post more detailed Hunting Reports. Or visit our forums where you can interact with other hunters and industry professionals, post questions or read what others are discussing about hunting in Burkina Faso by clicking here. We are all empowered by learning from each other and we encourage you to make educated decisions based upon honest information and real experience. Burkina Faso Hunting Areas Map and Satellite Imagery Click here for Burkina Faso hunting areas map, country and satellite imagery maps. Climate in Burkina Faso The climate is characterized by high temperatures, especially at the end of the dry season. The humidity, which increases as you move south, ranges from a winter low of 12% to 45% to a rainy season high of 68% to 96%. The harmattan, a dry east wind, brings with it moments of considerable heat from March to May, when maximum temperatures range from 104DF to 119DF (40DC to 48DC); from May to October, the climate is hot and wet, and from November to March, comfortable and dry. January temperatures range from 44DF to 55DF (7DC to 13DC). Average annual rainfall varies from 45 in (115 cm) in the southwest to less than 10 in (25 cm) in the extreme north and northeast. The rainy season lasts from four months in the northeast to six months in the southwest, from May through October. Weather Underground provides a very detailed look at current weather conditions, weather forecasts, a history and almanac for predicting average weather conditions during the time while you will be traveling in that part of the world. Click here for Burkina Faso's climate and temperature forecast. Burkina Faso Hunting Season & When Hunting is Allowed - Hunting Season - December 15th to April 15th - The first three months, December, January and February being the most popular months for a hunting safaris as they are the most comfortable. The temperatures oscillate between 77DF (25DC) and 86DF (30DC) in the day and from 54DF (12DC) to 65DF (18DC) at night. From March, the temperatures increase a little and can reach 97DF (36DC) during the day. - Trophy hunting may take place from 6 o'clock in the morning until 6 o'clock at night during the hunting season, no hunting is allowed at night and and no hunting is allowed with artificial light. - The government of Burkina Faso strictly controls the minimum number of days for a hunting safari based upon the species being hunted. Above and beyond the government regulations, the hunting outfitter may also impose their own guidelines as to the minimum number of days required to hunt certain species or combination of species. - Hunting of female, young and/or immature animals is prohibited. - Hunting from a vehicle is not permitted, though the vehicle can be used to reach the area from where hunting on foot can begin. You will find information about the bird hunting season in Burkina Faso near the bottom of this page. Species to Hunt in Burkina Faso Burkina Faso offers a good selection of species for trophy hunting, including Lion, West African Savannah Buffalo, Western Roan Antelope, Sing-Sing Waterbuck and Western Kob in addition to other species. Click here to visit AfricaHunting.com complete list of species available to hunt in Burkina Faso. Shot Placement Guide for the Perfect Shot Click here to visit our shot placement guide, the most comprehensive shot placement guide of African game online. Bowhunting in Burkina Faso Bowhunting in Burkina Faso is legal during the hunting season and licenses are issued through a special application process. This country offers tremendous opportunities for bow hunters however few operators have the experience to conduct bowhunting safaris so careful selection of the hunting outfitter is important. Burkina Faso does not have an additional bow qualification for professional hunters. Importation of Bows & Arrows into Burkina Faso It is legal for hunters to import bows for bowhunting purposes into Burkina Faso and no import permit is required. Minimum Equipment Requirements for Bowhunting in Burkina Faso Burkina Faso does not have any minimum equipment requirements for bowhunting so common sense will apply or here below find the requirements for South Africa which is a good guideline. - Big Game Bow Kinetic Energy 80 ft/lbs Arrow Weight 700 grain (Elephant, Rhino, Hippo, Buffalo) - Medium Game Bow Kinetic Energy 70 ft/lbs Arrow Weight 550 grain (Kudu, Eland, Oryx / Gemsbok, Hartebeest, Wildebeest, Zebra, Giraffe, Sable Antelope, Roan Antelope, Waterbuck, Tsessebe, etc.) - Small Game Bow Kinetic Energy 40 ft/lbs Arrow Weight 400 grain (Warthog, Nyala, Springbok, Impala, Blesbok, Duiker, Steenbok, Ostrich, Caracal, Black-Backed Jackal, Game Birds, etc.) Minimum Equipment Requirements for Rifle Hunting in Burkina Faso - There is no minimum equipment requirement for rifle hunting in Burkina Faso. - Burkina Faso does not require a minimum energy (Eo - muzzle velocity) for calibers used. Traveling with Firearms & Ammunition Traveling to Africa usually requires taking at least a couple of different airlines as well as departing from several countries whose laws and regulations are constantly changing. And they all have their own rules, regulations and laws for which it is your responsibility to be aware and in compliance with all of them. For this reason you should read the Africa Hunting article on Laws & Regulations for Hunters Traveling with Weapons by clicking here. Permits & Importation of Firearms & Ammunition into Burkina Faso The following section contains the basic information you will need to know, for more detailed information you should read Africa Hunting article on Importation or Transiting Procedures Through Countries with Weapons by clicking here, especially if you are transiting through or traveling to another country. - Temporary importation of firearms and ammunition into Burkina Faso is NOT free of charge, please check with your outfitter as to the current charges, as they are based upon number of rifles, days of hunt and type of hunting safari. The process is usually quick and easy. - Your hunting outfitter will send you a form to fill out and return to them so they can arrange for your firearms and ammunition temporary import/export permits months prior to your arrival as required by the government of Burkina Faso. This permit will be based upon the firearm information you provide to your outfitter so it is very important that you carefully consider which firearms you will be bringing with you, as once you have submitted the form you will not be able to change your mind. It is very important that all weapons serial numbers be exactly the same when you arrive as what was issued on your import/export permit. Last minute changes of mind cause more problems regarding gun permits than any other reason. Exact number of ammunition is also important. - Clearing of firearm(s) upon entry into Burkina Faso requires that someone who works for the hunting outfitter be present. - There is a limit of two firearms per hunter that may be imported into Burkina Faso for trophy hunting purposes. - A maximum of forty (40) rounds of ammunition may be imported per hunting rifle, however you may encounter greater restrictions from the airline(s) you are traveling on or country you are departing from or other countries you may be visiting or transiting through. For more information on this topic, read the Africa Hunting article, Laws & Regulations for Hunters Traveling with Weapons by clicking here. - Only ammunition for the specific caliber(s) you are bringing may be imported. - No automatic or semi-automatic firearms are allowed, except a semi-automatic shotgun for bird hunting purposes. - Importation of shotgun ammunition is not allowed. - No handguns are allowed. Burkina Faso Professional Hunters Association There is no Professional Hunters Association in Burkina Faso. Association of Bid Game Professional Hunters (AGGC - Association des Guides de Grande Chasse) Many professional hunters in the former French colonies in Africa are French nationals and members of the Association des Guides de Grande Chasse. Click here to visit ACP web site for more information. Association of Professional Hunters in France (ACP - Association des Chasseurs Professionnels) Click here to visit ACP web site for more information. Burkina Faso Hunting Permits & Licenses The wildlife authorities and the government of Burkina Faso allocates quotas by species to each hunting block or hunting territory on an individual basis. Your hunting license and permit will be applied for and obtained by your hunting outfitter well prior to your arrival, please check with your outfitter as to the current charges or if the cost of this paperwork is already included in the price of your hunt. You will be required to provide two loose passport photos which will be used to complete your hunting license upon arrival at the airport. The following is required regarding permits for trophy hunting in Burkina Faso: - Clients are only permitted to hunt animals for which a permit is issued. - All animals are subject to quota availability. - Permits must be issued prior to the hunt commencing. - A separate permit must be issued for each individual hunting client. - Clients are expected to abide by all Wildlife Hunting Regulations in Burkina Faso. CITIES Permits & U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service The importation of some individual sport hunted trophies requires a CITES permit (i.e. African Elephant, White Rhinoceros and Leopard to name a few), you will need to submit an application to the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service if you are planning to import any of the species on their list. You can download the CITIES permit application forms by clicking here. CITES stands for Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, visit their web site at www.cites.org. The Safari Planning Guide Click here to visit the Africa Hunting Safari Planning Guide, or click the direct links below to visit the individual articles in this section with many useful resources to help you plan and prepare for your African hunting safari: - Hunting Safari Preparation Timeline - Safari Planning Resource Guide - Why You Should Always Use A Hunting Travel Agent! - Travel, Medical & Evacuation Insurance - Why You Should Use A Trophy Hunting Importation Specialist! - What You Need to Know About Packing - Clothing & Footwear List - Personal Items & Toiletries List - Hunting Gear List for Rifle Hunters - Hunting Gear List for Bow Hunters - Travel Documents & Money - Tipping Guide Camouflage Camouflage clothing is allowed in Burkina Faso during the actual hunt. I would advise that it only be worn during the hunt and not in town or for travel. How to Get There A majority of international hunting clients will fly from their country of origin into Burkina Faso on a major international airline via Paris which offers direct flights to Ouagadougou Airport. Travel Agent Specializing in Hunting Clientele You may wish to consider using a travel agent that specializes in hunting worldwide or in Africa as they may be familiar with these routes and used to working with these airlines. Specialty travel agents can often get better deals than you can find on major websites or through regular travel agents. I highly recommend Travel Express, hunting travel specialists, they are the company that I personally use. Lori Ginn can help you, she is very knowledgeable and a hunter herself. She can assist you with all aspects of your hunting travel planning from airfare, lodging and car rentals to entry visa's, firearm permits, etc... Click here to visit Travel Express website www.travelexpressagency.com. International Airport in Burkina Faso - City: Ouagadougou - capital of Burkina Faso Ouagadougou Airport Airport Code OUA Located in the centre of the city of Ouagadougou Major Airlines Flying into Burkina Faso Air Burkina www.air-burkina.com Air France www.airfrance.us Travel Information Click here to view the Africa Hunting travel information section, or the direct links below, with many useful articles and resources to help you plan your travel for your African hunting safari, including: - Importation or Transiting Procedures Through Countries with Weapons - Laws & Regulations for Hunters Traveling with Weapons - Airports & Airlines - Value Added Tax (VAT) Refunds - Embassies & Consulates Visa & Travel Documents All foreigners must be in possession of a passport that will remain valid for at least six months after the intended date of departure from Burkina Faso as well as a round trip airline ticket. Temporary entry visas for Burkina Faso are required by visitors from almost all countries. As the list changes from time to time, it is important to verify if you need to obtain a visa based upon your country of citizenship. Entry visas must be obtain prior to arrival in the country. This should be done well in advance as it can take some time to complete the process which may require sending your passport to their Embassy or Consulate. Entry visa rules can change from time to time, it is important to verify the current regulations before obtaining a visa. To find out if you need to apply for a Visa in advance, a great resource with free information is Travel Document System (TDS) at www.traveldocs.com. If you are in need of a visa, Travel Document System is nationally recognized as a leading authority in the field of international Travel Documents. Travelers are quite often not sure of the specific requirements or documentation required to enter into a foreign country. TDS helps international travelers easily understand what is specifically required of them in order to gain passage into another country and provides visa services for U.S. citizens to most countries for which an entry visa is required [www.traveldocs.com/"]http://www.traveldocs.com[/url]. Traveler's Health & ImmunizationsA valid yellow fever inoculation certificate or International Health Certificate including yellow fever proof of vaccination is required upon arrival from all countries to enter Burkina Faso. CDC recommends that you see a health-care provider who specializes in Travel Medicine. Find a travel medicine clinic near you by clicking here. If you have a medical condition, you should also share your travel plans with any doctors you are currently seeing for other medical reasons. Recommended Vaccinations Include: - Hepatitis A - Hepatitis B - Typhoid - Meningococcal Meningitis - Rabies - Tuberculosis - Routine vaccination if you are not up-to-date including Influenza, Polio, MMR (measles/mumps/rubella) and DPT (diphtheria/pertussis/tetanus) Malaria prophylactics medication is highly recommended and should be considered as mandatory, however we suggest that you visit the Center for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) for their recommendations for travel in Burkina Faso as mosquitoes in this country are resistant to some antimalarial drugs. The CDC is most credible online resource for up to date health information. Click here to visit the section dedicated to Traveler's Health specific to Burkina Faso. Information about vaccinations, diseases, prevention, tips and much more can be found here. Malaria Map of Burkina Faso Click here to enlarge Burkina Faso malaria map. Malaria Maps of Africa Click here for Africa malaria maps, distribution model, endemic / epidemic risk areas, duration of malaria transmission season and duration of malaria transmission season. Emergency Evacuation and Field Rescue Membership No matter if it's your first your first or fifth time hunting in Africa, unavoidable accidents do happen. Whether a medical or security emergency, an evacuation from a remote part of Burkina Faso could cost well over $100,000. I strongly recommend that anyone traveling to Burkina Faso purchase a membership with Global Rescue, the only crisis response company that provides hunters with medical and security evacuation and consultation services anywhere in the world, even the most remote areas. Their deployable teams of paramedics and special operations veterans, backed by on-staff physicians and the specialists at Johns Hopkins Medicine, will get to you wherever you are, by any means necessary, and evacuate you all the way to your home country hospital of choice. Member benefits include: - 24hr medical advisory services from critical care paramedics and in-house physicians - Specialists at Johns Hopkins Medicine available in real-time - Field Rescue from the point of illness or injury - Evacuation back to the member's home hospital of choice - Global network of medical Centers Of Excellence - Deployable medical and security teams - Evacuation services provided up to $500,000 Memberships start at $119 If you would like to purchase a membership or have additional questions, Global Rescue can be reached anytime at +1 (617) 459-4200, or via www.globalrescue.com, click here. Travel Advisory from The U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs What you should know before you go. You may obtain international travel information by country, warnings for travelers about crime and public announcements about travel abroad in addition to so much other valuable information http://travel.state.gov. Embassies & Consulates Burkina Faso Embassy in the USA www.burkinaembassy-usa.org Click here for a complete searchable database of all embassies and consulates from every country in the world including Burkina Faso. Bird Hunting Season in Burkina Faso From December 15th to April 15th, a hunter does not need to include bird species on his hunting license which he wishes to take during his hunt. There is a no official limit as to the number of birds of each species that a hunter can take in a day, however common sense should be exercised in order to preserve natures' balance or the outfitter may impose his own bird hunting limits. From the later part of the hunting season, approximately mid-February, when it is drier, the concentration of birds will be greater around areas where water readily available. Bird hunting fees vary from hunting outfitter and by species. Click here to visit AfricaHunting.com complete list of bird species available to hunt in Burkina Faso. Tourism in Burkina Faso The Burkina Faso Official Government Tourism web site (Burkina Faso Minstere De La Culture & Du Tourisme) is a good place to explore what options are available for travel outside of your hunting safari, www.culture.gov.bf. Your hunting safari outfitter may also offer short excursions up to extensive touring through their company as well. General Information about Burkina Faso - Burkina Faso - Population 13,500,000 - Capital City Ouagadougou (1,200,000) - Languages French (official), Sudanic languages and numerous tribal dialects. - Official Currency West African CFA Franc (XOF). Denominations in 10,000, 1,000, 500, and 100 CFA Francs bank notes. To view images of these banknotes, click here. - Electricity, the Burkina Faso standard is 220/240 volts, two-pin 15 amp outlets. Most lodges/camps have generator(s) to power the electricity through rechargeable batteries therefore it is recommended to bring a small power inverter that plugs into a cigarette lighter to invert 12V DC Power to 110V AC for recharging in the hunting vehicle. Generator(s) in most camps are only run during the morning and evening hours and sometimes can be run at other times by special request. Be sure to check with your hunting outfitter in Burkina Faso what they are using. Click here for more info. - Country Dialing Code 226 Click here for more information about Burkina Faso from the CIA World Factbook which supplies a multitude of facts about Burkina Faso. Official Government Web Site Of Burkina Faso - Presidence Du Burkina Faso www.presidence.bf
BURKINA FASO Species to Hunt These species may be available on the hunting license in the country; however they may not be available on quota anywhere in the country. Also individual hunting outfitters may or may not be given any quota or have any remaining licenses left for some species. Some of these species may not be able to be imported back into your country of residence. You can find information on the importation of sport hunted trophies at the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service at Permits or the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) at www.cites.org. Big Five Species (click on animal name for detailed info and pictures) Buffalo West African Savannah Lion Animal Species (click on animal name for detailed info and pictures) Baboon Bushbuck Harnessed Duiker Red Flanked Duiker Western Bush Hartebeest Western Hippopotamus Kob Western/Buffon Oribi Monkey Patas Reedbuck Bohor/Nagor Roan Antelope Western Warthog Waterbuck Defassa Bird Species (click on bird name for detailed info and pictures) Dove African Collared Dove African Mourning Dove Eurasian Turtle Dove Laughing Dove Namaqua Dove Redeyed Duck Comb Duck Nothern Shoveler Duck White Faced Whistling Francolin Coqui Francolin Double Spurred Francolin White Throated Goose African Pygmy Goose Egyptian Goose Spurwinged Guineafowl Helmeted Quail Blue Quail Button Small Quail Common Pigeon Speckled Pochard Common Sandgrouse Chestnut Bellied Sandgrouse Four Banded Teal Eurasian
BURKINA FASO Hunting Areas Map Located north of the Equator, Burkina Faso is in western Africa in the northern hemispheres. This landlocked country is positioned in northern Africa, and bordered by the countries of Benin, Togo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Mali and Niger. Satellite Imagery of Burkina Faso (click on thumbnail to explore satellite imagery) Latitude/Longitude 12D 37N, 1D 53W Ouagadougou Capital of Burkina Faso Google Earth lets you fly anywhere on earth to view map, satellite and hybrid imagery. You can explore rich geographical content by zooming in and out and moving the image by using the arrow buttons in the upper left corner or by clicking on the image and dragging it in the direction you wish to explore. Click here to explore Burkina Faso. Burkina Faso Hunting Areas Burkina Faso Major Cities Detailed Map of Burkina Faso (click on thumbnail to enlarge map) Provinces of Burkina Faso Land divisions 45 provinces Bale, Bam, Banwa, Bazega, Bougouriba, Boulgou, Boulkiemde, Comoe, Ganzourgou, Gnagna, Gourma, Houet, Ioba, Kadiogo, Kenedougou, Komondjari, Kompienga, Kossi, Koulpelogo, Kouritenga, Kourweogo, Leraba, Loroum, Mouhoun, Namentenga, Nahouri, Nayala, Noumbiel, Oubritenga, Oudalan, Passore, Poni, Sanguie, Sanmatenga, Seno, Sissili, Soum, Sourou, Tapoa, Tuy, Yagha, Yatenga, Ziro, Zondoma, Zoundweogo. Africa
BURKINA FASO Malaria Map Gradient Map of Distribution of Endemic Malaria (click on thumbnails to view larger pictures) Malaria Maps Malaria prophylactics medication is recommended for visitors to some parts of Africa, ask your hunting outfitter and we suggest that you visit the Center for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) for their recommendations for travel to your specific destination as mosquitoes in some African countries are resistant to certain antimalarial drugs. Distribution Model Background: This map is a theoretical model based on available long-term climate data. It has a resolution of about 5x5 km. Although it is reasonably accurate, it is not based on actual malaria data and may not reflect the real malaria status. It shows the theoretical suitability of local climatic, and therefore the potential distribution of stable malaria transmission in the average year. Please note that climatic conditions, and therefore malaria transmission, vary substantially from one year to the next. Malaria control activities can also dramatically alter the malaria transmission situation. Meaning: Where climate is "suitable" (red = 1), malaria is likely endemic (hypo-, meso-, hyper- or holoendemic). "Suitable" areas may have little or no malaria because of malaria control. Where climate is "unsuitable" (white = 0), malaria is likely epidemic or absent. Some "unsuitable" areas may actually have endemic malaria because of the presence of surface water in an area where there is little or no rain. In the marginally suitable areas (0.1 - 0.9) transmission may occur at steady but low levels (eg eastern Africa), or in strongly seasonal cycles with great inter-annual variation (eg western & southern Africa). Source: MARA/ARMA (Mapping Malaria Risk in Africa / Atlas du Risque de la Malaria en Afrique) Endemic / Epidemic Risk Areas Background: The malaria distribution model has been re-classified into endemic and epidemic areas. These risk areas have then been used to calculate the number of people living in endemic and epidemic conditions. In Southern Africa (Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe and South Africa) "endemic" encompasses regions where the climate is 50-100% suitable, whereas in the rest of Africa "endemic" refers to regions where climate is 20-100% suitable. Different cut-offs were used, because in southern Africa malaria is at the limit of its distribution and has been largely reduced through malaria control. Otherwise, all comments on the malaria distribution model apply to this map also. Meaning: Endemic areas are defined as "areas with significant annual transmission, be it seasonal or perennial". Epidemic areas are defined as "areas prone to distinct inter-annual variation, in some years with no transmission taking place at all". Since this is a theoretical model, areas defined as "endemic" may be "epidemic" in reality, or v.v. Source: MARA/ARMA (Mapping Malaria Risk in Africa / Atlas du Risque de la Malaria en Afrique) Duration of Malaria Transmission Season Background: These maps are also theoretical models based on available long-term climate data. They have a resolution of about 5x5 km. Although they are reasonably accurate, they are not based on actual malaria data and may not reflect the real malaria status. They are based on the theoretical suitability of local climatic, and therefore the potential duration, onset and end of the malaria transmission season, in the average year. Please note that climatic conditions, and therefore malaria transmission, vary substantially from one year to the next. Malaria control activities can also dramatically alter the malaria transmission situation. More work is ongoing to refine these models. Meaning: In the Months of Risk model, malaria transmission is strongly seasonal to epidemic (yellow = 1-3 months), seasonal and endemic (light green = 4-6 months) or perennial and endemic (dark green = 7-12 months). Some areas shown as "No transmission" (white) may actually have endemic malaria because of the presence of surface water in an area where there is little or no rain. Source: MARA/ARMA (Mapping Malaria Risk in Africa / Atlas du Risque de la Malaria en Afrique) Duration of Malaria Transmission Season Background: Based on the seasonality model, these maps simply reflect the first and last month of the average transmission season. All comments on the seasonality model apply to these maps too. Meaning: The colors indicate the month in which the transmission season starts and ends, in the average year. In a few areas there are two transmission season, so that there are two start and two end of season maps. Source: MARA/ARMA (Mapping Malaria Risk in Africa / Atlas du Risque de la Malaria en Afrique)
